Powered by a state-of-the-art AI transformer
To get the last New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) open hour timestamp in Unix milliseconds, we need to account for the NYSE trading hours and holidays. The NYSE typically operates from 9:30 AM to 4:00 PM Eastern Time (ET) Monday through Friday, but it's also closed on certain holidays. Here's a Python function that calculates the last NYSE open hour timestamp in Unix milliseconds: /// python from datetime import datetime, timedelta import pytz import holidays def get_last_nyse_open_hour_timestamp(): # Define the NYSE timezone eastern = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern') # Get the current date and time in NYSE timezone now = datetime.now(eastern) # Define NYSE trading hours market_open_hour = 9 market_open_minute = 30 market_close_hour = 16 market_close_minute = 0 # Fetch US holidays us_holidays = holidays.US() # Adjust the current time if the market is closed while True: if now.weekday() >= 5 or now.date() in us_holidays: # NYSE is closed on weekends and certain holidays now -= timedelta(days=1) now = now.replace(hour=market_close_hour - 1, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) elif now.time() < datetime.time(now.replace(hour=market_open_hour, minute=market_open_minute, second=0)) or now.time() > datetime.time(now.replace(hour=market_close_hour, minute=market_close_minute, second=0)): now = now.replace(hour=market_close_hour - 1, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) else: break # Convert the datetime back to Unix milliseconds unix_timestamp = int(now.timestamp() * 1000) return unix_timestamp # Example usage print(get_last_nyse_open_hour_timestamp()) /// **Explanation:** 1. **Timezone Handling**: We use `pytz` to handle timezone conversion to Eastern Time. 2. **Trading Hours**: Define standard trading hours, keeping in mind holidays and weekends. 3. **Holidays**: Use the `holidays` library to check if today is a US holiday when the market is closed. 4. **Timestamp Calculation**: Adjust the datetime object as necessary, then convert it back to Unix milliseconds. **Dependencies**: - You’ll need to install the `pytz` and `holidays` libraries: /// shell pip install pytz holidays /// This function ensures that you always get the last NYSE open hour timestamp considering weekends, holidays, and trading hours.
You can use the `requests` library in Python to get the file size from any URL. Below is a function which does this: /// python import requests def get_file_size(url): response = requests.head(url) # Only get headers, not content file_size = int(response.headers.get('content-length', -1)) # Get file size from headers if file_size == -1: return 'Could not get the file size.' else: return file_size /// This function performs a `HEAD` request to the URL, which retrieves metadata about the file without actually downloading the file content. It then retrieves the `Content-Length` header field, which indicates the file size in bytes. Please note that not all servers provide the `Content-Length` header. In such cases, you will not be able to determine the file size using this method. You can call the function as follows: /// python print(get_file_size('https://www.example.com/path/to/file')) /// This will print out the size of the file in bytes. If the `Content-Length` header is not available, it will print `Could not get the file size.`